Glassware Chart - A Pictorial Guide

Weird Fruits & Vegetables

Intermarché, a supermarket chain in France, launched a campaign to help prevent food waste by providing unattractive fruits and vegetables which are just as delicious as their pristine counterparts.

The campaign is supported by advertising agency Marcel who, with the help of photographer Patrice de Villiers, produces 7 posters starring the unattractive produce : the grotesque apple, the ridiculous potato, the hideous orange, the failed lemon, the disfigured eggplant, the ugly carrot, and the unfortunate Clementine.

2014 is declared by European Union as the Year against Food Waste.

Kiwifruit

Kiwifruit is originally known as Chinese gooseberry.  The first kiwifruit tree in New Zealand was planted from seeds brought from China in 1904 by Isabel Fraser, a headmistress of the Wanganui Girls’s College.

Auckland-based fruit packers Turners and Growers briefly named the fruit “melonette”, but the move was proven a mistake as melons and berries were charged heavier import tariffs at that time.

Thus in 1959, Sir Harvey Turner renamed the ‘melonette’ to ”kiwifruit”, derived from the Maori word ‘kiwi’ referred to the native kiwi birds.

Kiwifruit is the berry fruit of a woody vine in the genus Actinidia.   The genus Actinidia contains around 60 species, native to temperate eastern Asia.  The fruit is a large berry containing numerous small seeds.  In most Actinidia species, the fruits is edible.  The skin of the fruit varies in size, shape, hairiness and colour.   The flesh too varies in colour, juiciness, texture, and taste.  

The most common kiwifruit is the fuzzy kiwifruit ( A. deliciosa ).  Other species commonly eaten include : baby kiwifruit ( A. arguta ),  golden kiwifruit ( A. chinensis ), Chinese egg gooseberry ( A. coriacea ), Arctic kiwifruit ( A. kolomikta ), red kiwifruit ( A. melanandra ), silver kiwifruit ( A. polygama ), purple kiwifruit ( A. purpurea ), etc.

常见根茎类食材

Dioscorea opposita

山药, 薯蓣, 淮山药, 怀山药, 山菇,  怀参

Chinese yam, Japanese yam, Yamaimo, Korean yam,

山药原产中国淮河，17世紀传至朝鲜、日本。营养丰富，食药两用。

煮法 :

1. 山药灵芝粥

2. 山药排骨汤

3. 山药豆腐汤

4. 香菇山药炒肉

5. 山药炖牛腩

6. 罗汉果山药百合雪耳

禁忌 :

1. 与鲤鱼相克，禁同食。

2. 禁与甘遂同食。

3. 山药富维生素C，破坏猪肝中含铜、铁、锌等金属微量元素。不宜同食。

4. 黄瓜、南瓜、胡萝卜、笋瓜含维生素C分解酶，破坏山药中的维生C。不宜同食。

5. 海味含丰富蛋白质，山药含鞣酸，混合食用会化合成鞣酸蛋白，造成便秘，增加肠内毒物的吸收，引起腹痛、恶心、呕吐等症状。

6. 山药有收敛作用，感冒、大便燥结者及肠胃积滞者忌用。

适宜 :

1. 脾虚食少、久泻不止、肾虚遗精、带下、尿频、肺虚喘咳者宜常食。

Pueraria lobata var thomsonii

粉葛, 干葛, 甘葛, 葛葛根, 葛麻茹, 葛子根, 葛条根, 鸡齐根

Japanese arrowroot, kudzu

粉葛原产中国。营养丰富，食药两用。可制成葛粉 ( kuzuko )。

煮法 :

1. 桂花葛粉羹

2. 葛根粉粥

3. 葛粉饭

4. 粉葛黑豆猪骨汤

5. 茅根马蹄竹蔗糖水

6. 胡萝卜玉米粉葛汤

适宜 :

1. 高血压、高血脂等心血管疾病的患者，化学性肝损伤者、饮酒过渡的人、脑力劳动者、记忆力减退的老人、发热的病人。

2. 用于解酒

Arctium lappa

牛蒡, 东洋参, 东洋牛鞭菜, 白肌人参, 吳某, 吳帽, 夜叉頭, 牛菜, 鼠粘, 蒡翁菜, 便牽牛, 蝙蝠刺, 便南牛

Gobo, greater burdock, begger’s buttons

牛蒡原产日本，10世紀传入中国。营养丰富，食药两用。果实别名恶实、大力子。

煮法 :

1. 牛蒡排骨湯

2. 牛蒡茶

3. 牛蒡酒

4. 香炒牛蒡

5. 香酥芝麻牛蒡

禁忌 :

1. 低血压患者慎食。

2. 牛蒡多涩，过敏皮性肤炎或湿疹者，应避免食用。

3. 牛蒡性寒而滑利，脾虚腹泻者应慎用。

Pachyrhizus erosus

沙葛, 豆薯, 凉薯, 洋地瓜

Sengkuang, Mexican yam, Mexican turnip, jicama

沙葛原产热带美洲。由西班牙人传入菲律宾，以后传到世界各地。可生食、熟食，加工制成沙葛粉，有清凉去热的功效。种子及茎叶中含有剧毒，忌食。

煮法 :

1. 沙葛猪骨汤

2. 沙葛炒虾仁

3. 沙葛炒肉丁

4. 春卷

5. 包子

A Brief History of Food Guide Development

  

1916 First USDA Guide

“1916 - Food for Young Children” and “1917 - How to Select Foods” for adults was the first USDA guide for dietary recommendations.  Food recommended came in 5 groups :

·milk and meat ;

·cereals ;

·vegetables and fruit ;

·fats and fatty foods ; and

·sugars and sugary foods.

1943 Basic Seven

During the WW2, USDA introduced the “National Wartime Nutrition Guide” to help maintain nutritional standards under wartime food rationing.  The recommendation added serving sizes, but didn’t define a serving.  This guide offered 7 food groups :

·green and yellow vegetables ;

·oranges, tomatoes, grapefruit ;

·potatoes and other vegetables and fruits ;

·mil, and milk products ;

·meat, poultry, fish or eggs ;

·bread, flour and cereals ; and

·butter and fortified margarine.

1956 Basic Four

Basic Seven were cut down to basic four food groups, in “Essential of an Adequate Diet”.  Serving size recommendations were added.  The 4 food groups are :

·Milk ;

·Meat ;

·Fruits & vegetables ; and

·Grain products.

1972 Sweden’s Food Circle

Sweden’s National Board of Health & Welfare ( Socialstyrelsen ) introduced the idea of “basic foods” that were both cheap and nutritious, and “supplemental foods” that added nutrition missing from the basic foods. 

1974 The First Pyramid

Anna-Britt Agnsäter published her Food Pyramid in KF Provkök’s magazine Vi issue no. 36 7/9 1974.   The pyramid was divided into :

·basic food : milk, cheese, margarine, bread, cereals, and potatoes. 

·supplemental vegetables and fruits, and

·supplemental meat, fish and eggs. 

1979 Hassle-Free Guide

A new “Hassle-Free Guide to a Better Diet” were introduced with 5 food group :

·Milk ;

·Meat ;

·Fruits & vegetables ;

·Grain products ; and

·fat, sweets, and alcohol.

It highlighted the need to moderate the use of fat, sugars, and alcohol, and gave special attention to calories and dietary fiber.

1992 USDA Food Pyramid

The first USDA Food Pyramid recommended serving size for each food group.  However, the recommended serving sizes are confusing.  The food group includes :

·Bread, Cereal, Rice & Pasta Group

·Fruit Group

·Vegetable Group

·Meat, Poultry, Fish, Dry Beans, Eggs & Nut Group

·Milk, Yogurt & Cheese Group

·Fat, Oils & Sweet

2005 MyPyramid

USDA update its food guide with MyPyramid in 2005, replaced the hierarchical levels of Food Pyramid with vertical wedges.  Stairs were added up the left side of the pyramid with an image of someone climbing them to represent exercise.  The food group were :

·Grains

·Vegetables

·Fruits

·Milk

·Meat & Beans

·Oils

An unmarked white tip represented discretionary calories for items such as candy, alcohol, or additional food from any other group.

2011 MyPlate

MyPyramid was replaced with MyPlate, consisting of a plate and a glass divided into 5 food group:

·Vegetables

·Grain

·Protein

·Fruits

·Dairy

Recommendations were given in more comprehendible cups and ounces.

The Star : Alternative Treatments for Dengue Fever

Sunday April 13, 2014

BY TAN SHIOW CHIN

DENGUE fever is a problem that just does not seem to want to go away in Malaysia. And even worse, it seems to be escalating.

The latest report from the Health Ministry states that as of March 22, both the number of cases and deaths nationwide for the year have increased by 314% compared to the same period last year.

The number of dengue cases in the latest report totalled 23,633, while the number of deaths was 58.

The problem is not just limited to Malaysia, although we are considered an endemic dengue hotspot.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates there may be 50-100 million dengue infections globally every year, with two-fifths of the world population, or 2.5 billion people, at risk of this mosquito-borne infectious disease.

While being infected with dengue is an unpleasant experience – it is also known as breakbone fever – with typical symptoms being fever, headache, rashes, and muscle and joint pains, a healthy person’s immune system usually has no problems fighting the virus off.

The problem comes when dengue haemorrhagic fever develops.

This extreme form of the illness causes severe bleeding due to “leaky” blood vessels and delay in blood-clotting caused by low levels of platelets, which are essential in forming blood clots.

According to the WHO, an average of about 2.5% of those who develop dengue haemorrhagic fever die.

This number can exceed 20% in cases with no proper treatment, while the risk of death in those who receive the proper supportive treatment is less than 1%.

There is no cure for dengue, nor is there any vaccine for it, although there are several research teams currently working on one.

The main method of controlling this disease is via prevention; for example, ensuring that there is no stagnant water or any container where water can pool in around, fogging, using mosquito nets and repellent, and covering up or staying indoors at dawn and dusk when the Aedes mosquitoes are most active.

Medical management of dengue is purely supportive, with maintenance of the body’s fluid balance being the key objective, whether via oral rehydration therapy, intravenous fluid replacement, or in the worst-case scenario, blood transfusion.

With no definitive treatment from modern medicine available, it is not surprising that many have turned to alternative therapies for relief.

Papaya leaf juice

This is probably the most well-known alternative treatment for dengue.

Several small scientific studies have been carried out in dengue-endemic countries like India and Malaysia, looking into the efficacy of this herbal remedy.

While the results cannot be said to be definitive, due to their small study size, they are certainly promising.

The main effect of this juice lies in raising the level of platelets in dengue patients – a critical aspect of this viral infection.

One study, conducted by the Institute for Medical Research and Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, Selangor, reported that patients given papaya leaf juice showed a significant rise in their platelet levels 40 hours after first receiving the juice, compared to patients in the control group who were only on standard supportive therapy.

The open-label randomised controlled trial, published in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine last year, had a total of 228 participants recruited from the hospital’s dengue ward, divided almost equally between the control group and the juice group.

The patients in the juice group took the pure fresh juice extracted from 50gm of clean papaya leaves of the sekaki variety once daily for three consecutive days.

Pharmacist and holistic medicine practitioner Datuk Dr Rajen M adds that a blend of raw young papaya and papaya leaves made into a juice, taken two to three times a day, is one of the alternative therapies for dengue in Ayurvedic medicine.

He notes that consuming papaya in general is safe, and taking it does not contradict medical advice.

Tawa-tawa

This hairy herb is commonly used in the Philippines as an alternative treatment for dengue fever.

Also known as gatas-gatas or by its scientific name Euphorbia hirta, it is said to increase the platelet levels in dengue patients.

A 2012 animal study conducted by pharmacy students from the University of Santo Tomas, Manila, showed that a decoction of tawa-tawa did indeed increase platelet levels and decrease bleeding time in rats with induced thrombocytopenia (i.e. an abnormally low platelet level).

The Philippine’s Department of Science and Technology is currently researching the effect of this plant on dengue fever, and have stated their concern over possible toxicity resulting from overdosing on tawa-tawa.

Meanwhile, Philippine Star columnist Dr Willie T Ong said in a 2009 article that Filipino doctors in general allow dengue patients to take tawa-tawa as long as they clear it with them first.

He also explained how to prepare the herb: “Take five whole tawa-tawa plants. Cut off the roots, then wash and clean.

“Boil tawa-tawa in a pot of clean water. Pour the liquid and then let cool. Sip one glass three to four times a day.”

Traditional Chinese medicine

Inti International University Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine director and head of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) programme Dr Yong Kian Fui says that there is no cure for dengue fever in TCM either, and treatment is usually supportive based on the stage of the disease.

The acupuncturist and Chinese physician notes that because of the vague symptoms of dengue fever, most people are only diagnosed with the disease about four days after their fever starts.

TCM therapy at that stage consists of a herbal concoction based on the formulation called qin wen bai tu san.

“This helps to clear the plaque and detox the body,” he says.

Patients have to take one dose daily for three days. If their platelet levels are still low by the end of that period, Dr Yong says they would be referred to the hospital for further management.

He adds that he personally also prescribes a bitter gourd and meat soup, which should be double-boiled for two hours.

While the meat can be from any animal, including fish, it is crucial that the seeds in the bitter gourd must be included in the soup.

“According to TCM theory, bitter gourd is used to clear ‘fire’ and to detox the body.

“The meat neutralises the bitter gourd, so that it doesn’t become too ‘cooling’.”

Ayuverdic medicine

Dr Rajen explains that there are four ways to treat dengue patients according to Ayuverdic medicine.

Two methods are targeted at boosting the patient’s blood production and providing an antiviral effect: the papaya fruit and leaf juice mix mentioned earlier, and juice made from pegaga leaves, also known as India pennywort or Centella asiatica.

According to Dr Rajen, one dose of the pegaga juice is the amount obtained from juicing one handful of leaves.

The other two treatments are mainly applied for their general antiviral properties.

One is cow or goat colostrum, which can be drunk as often as desired. Colostrum is the first secretion from the animal’s mammary glands before the milk comes out.

The other is turmeric, which can be added to the patient’s food or milk.

Cari Makan @ Petaling Street, KL : 牛肉面

今天，国豪叔叔带我们到茨厂街附近的一间 闻名远近的牛肉面店。在茨厂街路口，本来该向左转，却向右走了，寻不着。问了路，原来是转错方向了。就回头向 左走，两步就到了。

人生就是这样，寻寻觅觅了半辈子，却寻不着，原来是找错方向了。

原来面店也就小小一间，不显眼。面点也不很贵，RM7一碗  。有黄面、米粉和河粉，有新鲜牛肉、牛肉丸或牛杂。面点可干捞或煮水。

招牌有注明“午市”，不过 营业时间从上午10时30分至夜晚8时30分。星期三休息。

原来在附近的唐城小食中心旁边小巷也有一个挡子，挂着同样的招牌。招牌下写着“夜市”二字，掌挡的是以为婆婆。看来是同一家。

  

新九如 牛肉粉专卖店

Shin Kee Beef Noodles Specialist

9 Jalan Tun Tan Cheng Lock

50100 Kuala Lumpur