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Showing posts with label shiitake 香菇. Show all posts
Showing posts with label shiitake 香菇. Show all posts

Monday, August 11, 2014

Edible Mushrooms - 香菇 Shiitake

香菇(Lentinus edodes),又名冬菇、香蕈、北菇、厚菇、薄菇、花菇、椎茸,是一种食用真菌。

一般食用的部份為香菇子實體,鲜香菇脱水即成乾香菇,便于运输保存,是一种重要的南北货。乾鲜香菇在中国菜中广泛使用。烹饪时需将乾香菇先行泡水发制。素三鲜中,香菇往往作为其中的一鲜出现。在斋食中,香菇亦为重要原料之一。

花菇

干鲜香菇

新鲜香菇

歷史

中國早在漢朝就有人工栽培的記載,见於王祯所著《农书》。在臺灣,日本殖民者於1909年在埔里以人工椴木法種植成功,至1970年發展以太空包種植。

日本在378年前就有人工栽培的記錄,但這僅是將椴木放置在有香菇生长的森林中,讓香菇自然產生的孢子掉落在椴木上生長。


種類

香菇品種依菇體大小分類為大葉種、中葉種、小葉種,依生產季節又分為春菇、夏菇、秋菇、冬菇,还可以按栽培基质、出菇周期、出菇温度的不同划分,另外尚有野生的野生菇。

在日本则分為冬菇(どんこ)與香信(こうしん),均是來自中文的稱呼。在春天裡氣溫尚低時,生長較慢。因此在冬天與春天中濕度低,空氣乾燥,所以在菇傘表面生成裂痕,看起像花朵,因此稱謂天白冬菇;茶色者稱謂茶花冬菇,其外觀佳,質良,所以價格較高。天氣較暖後,香菇花蕾長出後,幾天內就開傘,傘部大且薄。將其晒乾者,就是香信。特征介於香信與冬菇中間者稱为香菇(こうこ),這種菇因為傘大且厚,吃起來咬感足,所以受到消費者的歡迎。


人工栽培

香菇的人工栽培最初於1942年由日本人森喜作博士研究成功於製成所謂「種駒」(たねごま,象棋棋子狀菌種)而開始這種種植法。這是將木材切成如棋子大小,將其裝於庶口瓶,加上營養分、水等,經殺菌後,接種純粹培養的菇菌絲後,讓其在適溫下培養者。取出長滿菌絲的種駒木片,做為種菌。另一方面,在段木上打適當的一小洞,再將此種駒塞入此洞。然後,將此段木放在森林裡,澆水,保持適當的溫、濕度,光照等使其長滿菌絲,以及長出香菇。


森博士將以此法設廠大量生產,更努力於品種改良,使其一年四季都可生產,这样产量就不易受到天气情况的影响,有助於農民的生产。

Edible Fresh Mushrooms



 
Common names : hatake-shimeji (ハタケシメジ)
Scientific name : Lyophyllum decastes


Common names : hon-shimeji (ホンシメジ)
Scientific name : Lyophyllum shimeji 


Common names : buna-shimeji  (ブナシメジ ), 
brown beech mushroom, brown clamshell mushroom
Scientific name : Hypsizygus tessellates
Synonym : Hypsizygus marmoreus


Common names : bunapi-shimeji (ブナピー), 
white beech mushroom, white clamshell mushroom
Scientific name : Hypsizygus tessellates ‘hokuto shiro #1’


Common names : 茶樹菇
velvet pioppini, black poplar mushroom
Scientific name : Agrocybe aegerita


 Common names : enokitake (エノキタケ), enoki, 
金针菇, golden needle mushroom, 팽이버섯, lily mushroom
Scientific name : Flammulina velutipes


Common name : paddy straw mushroom, straw mushroom, 草菇
Scientific name : Volvariella volvacea

Thursday, November 14, 2013

Variant of Chicken Soup

There are a wide variety of chicken soups, every household have its own recipe, sometime not just one but few recipes, depending on the ingredients.


Major Ingredients ( which are compulsory for cooking chicken soup ) :
1. Chicken, be it thigh/wing/drumstick/breast, boneless, cut/uncut, with/without gizzard/heart/liver  etc
2. Ginger, old/young, sliced/julienne
3. Sesame seed oil ( other type of vegetable oil would be less desirable )


Additional Ingredients ( which are not necessary, but preferred, usually can be added in combination of ) :

a. other meat
1. pork lean meat/liver 猪肉/, or
2. fish maw 鱼漂, or
3. scallop 干贝

b. mushrooms
1. Shiitake mushroom 香菇 ( Lentinula edodes ), and/or
2. button mushroom  蘑菇 ( Agaricus bisporus ), and/or
3. Judas’ ear 黑木耳 ( Auricularia auricula-judae ), and/or
4. white fungus白木耳 ( Tremella fuciformis )

c. wine
1. Shaoxing Rice Wine绍兴酒, and
2. Hakka wine 客家黄酒 or
3. Foochow red wine 福州红酒鸡

d. Chinese herbs
1. American ginseng 泡 ( Panax quinquefolius ), or
2. Chinese angelica 当归 ( Angelica sinensis ), with
3. Chinese date ( Ziziphus zizyphus ) and/or
4. wolfberries 枸杞 ( Lycium chinensis )

e.tc


Chicken soup is best having with hot rice or meesua/any other type of noodles





Friday, April 15, 2011

福州红酒鸡汤 Foochow RedWine Chicken Soup

Ingredients :

1. chicken, about 500g
2. shiitake mushroom x 10
3. dried wolfberries ( Lychium barbarum )
4. ginger, sliced
5. foochow red wine
6. sesame seed oil

alternatively, can add canned button mushrooms


Method :

1. heat the sliced ginger in sesame seed oil
2. add in the chicken, stir with foochow redwine till half cooked
3. transfer the chicken into a pot, add water
4. add in shiitake mushrooms and wolfberries
5. simmer till cooked.
6. salt to taste.

Tuesday, January 25, 2011

鱼鳔菜园鸡汤 Chicken Soup with Fish Maw


ingredients:
a whole free-range chicken, clean and cut.
10 piece dried shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes).
5 piece deep-fried fish maw.

method :
saute some ginger in sesame seed oil...
put in the cut chicken, stir-fry till half-cooked...
transfer to a pot, put in  some 3 liter of water...
put in all mushroom and fish maw...
simmer for 1 - 2 hours.



鱼鳔 fish maw is the swim bladder of a fish that control buoyancy,
found only in ray-finned fish
It is usually sun-dried, then deep-fried before cook.

菜园鸡 ( Ayam kampung, in Malay language ) is free-ranch chicken,
are usually sold at higher price ( > 120 % ) than normal chicken. 

Monday, September 6, 2010

Chicken Braised with SoySauce 酱油鸡




Ingredients #1
1. chicken, cut to pieces, 500g
2. soy sauce, of couse, 2-3 tablespoons
4. sugar, a bit
5. pepper powder, a bit

Ingredients #2
1. shittake mushrooms, 20 pieces, pre-soaked
2. garlic, 2 bulbs, de-skinned


Mehtod :
1. marinate the chicken with soy sauce, sugar and pepper
for about 1 hour,
 2. saute the chicken till half-cooked,
3. put in the shittake mushrooms, and garlic,
4. add in water to slightly cover all ingredients,
( more water means extra time for simmers,
which lead to the chicken too soft)
5. simmer till the gravy is reduce to halve.
( or to your own preference )


optional ingredients :
1. 5-spice powder
2. star anise
3. potato
4. arrowhead
5. dried beancurd

Tuesday, August 31, 2010

Mushroom Chicken Soup 香菇鸡汤

Ingredient
1. half chicken, approx 650g
2. dried shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) , pre-soaked, 20piece
3. canned button mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus ) , 1can
4. ginger, sliced
5. sesame seed oil
6. Foochow redwine ( optional )
7. water, 3liter

Method
1. sauté the sliced ginger over sesame seed oil
2. put in the chicken, stir with Foochow redwine, till partially cooked
3. transfer the chicken to a pot, add water
4. put in all the shiitake mushroom, and button mushroom
5. simmer till cooked.
6. add salt to taste