Edible Mushrooms - Agaricus

Agaricus biporus is an edible mushroom native to grasslands in Europe and North America.  The earliest cultivation was made by French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in 1707.

It is widely consumed in Asian as canned button mushroom, since early 1970s.  Fresh Agaricus mushrooms are available in Asian markets only after the 2010s.

canned button mushroom

It has 2 colour states while immature : white and brown, both have various names.  When mature, and the cap is open, it has yet another different name.

When immature and white, it is known as common mushroom, button mushroom, white mushroom, champignon mushroom, etc.

When immature and brown, it is known as Swiss brown mushroom, Roman brown mushroom, Italian mushroom, cremini mushroom,  brown cap mushroom, chestnus mushroom, Portabollini, etc.

When mature, it is known as Portobello mushroom, champignon de Paris, etc.

fresh white button mushroom

fresh brown button mushroom

fresh Portobello mushroom

Mushroom Chicken Soup 香菇鸡汤

Ingredient

1. half chicken, approx 650g

2. dried shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) , pre-soaked, 20piece

3. canned button mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus ) , 1can

4. ginger, sliced

5. sesame seed oil

6. Foochow redwine ( optional )

7. water, 3liter

Method

1. sauté the sliced ginger over sesame seed oil

2. put in the chicken, stir with Foochow redwine, till partially cooked

3. transfer the chicken to a pot, add water

4. put in all the shiitake mushroom, and button mushroom

5. simmer till cooked.

6. add salt to taste

Button Mushroom 蘑菇

雙孢蘑菇（学名：Agaricus bisporus），俗稱洋菇，為最常見的食用菌種之一。洋菇中文别名为蘑菇。

其蕈傘未成熟張開时称 common mushroom, button mushroom, white mushroom, table mushroom。

蕈傘成熟張開后採收又称cremini mushroom, Champignon mushroom, Swiss brown mushroom, Portobello mushroom, Roman brown mushroom, Italian brown mushroom, Italian mushroom, cultivated mushroom 等。

在分类上隶属真菌门，担子菌纲，无隔担子菌亚纲，伞菌目，蘑菇科，蘑菇属( Phyllum:Basiomycota, Class:Agaricomycetes, subclass:Homobasidiomycetidae, Order:Agaricales, Family:Agaricaceae, Genus:Agaricus ) 。

It has a complicated taxonomic history.

1871, it was first described by English botanist ordecai Cubitt Cookie in Handbook of British Fungi, as Agaricus campestris var. hortensis.

1926, it was named as Psalliota hortensis var. bispora by Danish mycologist Jakob Emanuel Lange.

1938, it was promoted to species status and renamed Psalliota bispora.

1946, Emil Imbach renamed it as Agaricus bisporus.

原生於歐洲及北美洲。人類至少自古希臘時代起便開始食用，現在則已經廣泛在世界各地栽培。人工栽培則於17世紀早由法国开始发展栽培洋菇的技术，先传到美国，再传到台湾时大约是20世纪中叶，至1970年初，台湾洋菇产量曾列为全世界第三位，而罐头销量则高居第一位。

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雙孢蘑菇最大約可長到蕈傘直徑20公分，蕈柄長度15公分，不過人工栽培的雙孢蘑菇多半在蕈傘成熟張開後直徑達2～4公分時便採收。雙孢蘑菇依外觀顏色區分可分為4種，即白色、灰白色、淡黃色及褐色，其中以白色種最受市場歡迎，也是產量最多的一種。

洋菇含有维生素B、C、D等维生素与锗元素( Germanium )。