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Showing posts with label 橄榄. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 橄榄. Show all posts

Wednesday, May 1, 2013

橄榄 Canarium album


橄榄 ( 学名:Canarium album Raeusch ),也称为白榄、山榄(广西、广东)、青果、谏果、忠果(古称)、黄榄(云南金平)、红榄、青子(广东)、南威,是橄榄科橄榄属 ( Burseraceae ) 植物。


产地

橄榄原产于中国南方,广东、广西、福建、台湾、浙江、四川等省份均有出产。

闽南、潮汕等地人民过去好食槟榔 Areca catechu ),但到了清末,渐以橄榄代之。

福建省是中国橄榄产量最高的省份,著名品种有惠圆、檀香等。广东潮汕地区也是橄榄的传统产区,其中以澄海南溪橄榄、潮阳金玉三捻橄榄、潮安铁铺橄榄、揭西凤湖橄榄等品种最为闻名。



古书记载

东汉 · 杨孚《异物志》:
橄榄生南海浦屿间。树高丈余。其实如枣,二月有花生,至八月乃熟,甚香。橄榄木高硕难采,以盐擦木身,则其实自落。

三国 · 万震《南州异物志》:
闽、广诸郡及缘海浦屿间皆有之。树高丈余,叶似榉柳。二月开花,八月成实,状如长枣,两头尖,青色。核亦两头尖而有棱,核内有三层,层中有肉可食。

· 刘恂《岭表录异》:
橄榄树,身耸,枝皆高数尺,其子深秋方熟。闽中尤重此味。云咀之香口,胜含鸡舌香。饮汁,解酒毒。有野生者,子繁树峻,不可梯缘,但刻其根下方寸许,纳盐于其中,一夕子皆自落。树枝节上生脂膏如桃胶,南人采之,和其皮叶煎之,调如黑汤,谓之橄榄糖。用泥船损,干后坚于胶漆,著水益干耳。



用途

橄榄果实味清香微苦而带甜味,常作为水果食用。可生食,或者泡水喝,也可制成蜜饯、干果,或将成熟鲜果以甘草、蜂蜜或糖汁腌制成甘草橄榄。

未成熟的橄榄较苦涩,将其切段后与腌制好的芥菜叶一起加食油熬煮,称为橄榄菜,是潮汕地区知名的佐餐小食,尤以汕头市下蓬、外砂等地所产为出名。



营养价值

橄榄果肉含有丰富的营养物,鲜食有益人体健康,特别是含钙较多,对儿童骨骼发育有帮助。

果实含蛋白质1.2%,脂肪1.09%,碳水化物12%,钙0.204%,磷0.046%,铁0.0014%,抗坏血酸0.02%。种子含挥发油78%,以及香树脂醇等。



食疗功效

性平,味甘、酸。    

功能主治:清热,利咽,生津,解毒。用于咽喉肿痛、咳嗽、烦渴、鱼蟹中毒。

Friday, March 8, 2013

Dabai - A Folklore Freeze-Storing Technique


Dabai ( Canarium odontophyllum ) is an exotic fruit indigenous to Sarawak.  It is normally consumed as vegetable, occasionally made into cakes.

Dabai is a seasonal fruit, available at the same time as the durians.     It is pre-soaked in warm water to softened it before consuming with some soy sauce and sugar.  It’s a bit creamy, some describe it as similar to avocados.  An acquired taste, I may put it, not everyone would enjoy it.   Yet, it is still a well received fruit-vegetable among Sarawakians.

However, dabai is a highly perishable produce.  It cannot be stored for long after harvest.  Once soaked, it must be consumed immediately.   So, it is very hard to acquire during off-seasons.


One day, in Miri’s Aunt Hong new house, I learned that there is a folklore technique to store the dabai fruits.   The fruits are kept in the freezer, without being pre-washed.  When required, wash and put the dabai in room temperature to defrost.  Once its defrosted, just add in soy sauce and sugar to marinate.  Soaking in warm water not required, as the freezing will damage the plant cell membranes, resulting of the dabai fruits to softened. 

Apparently, the freezing burst the plant cells as moisture will slightly expand when reaches temperature of approximately 4°C.   When water almost reaches the freezing point, it expand by approximately 9%.  Damages on cell wall means softening of tissue.      

However, the freezing method requires more proper study.


   

Wednesday, May 30, 2012

乌橄榄 Canarium pimela

 橄榄,是橄榄科 ( Burseraceae ) 乔木。与属木犀科 ( Oleaceae ) 的油橄榄 ( Olea europaea ) 在植物分类学上崭然不同。

橄榄,即黑橄榄,又名乌榄,油橄榄。英文亦可指: Canarium odontophyllumCanarium album Canarium pimela

我在诗巫菜市场看到的研制乌橄榄九成是 Canarium pimela,而非道地的 Canarium odontophyllum

Sibu 菜市场卖的榄角


乌榄皮黑色,肉白有文。生橄榄焗浸热水,待肉变软,去水,再浸盐水数日,当咸菜吃。果肉以盐腌制,制成榄角、榄鼓。肉可舂烂制成块状或调成浆状,做榄糕和榄酱。此外它还可以榨油之用。果皮可作染料,其色鲜红。

榄角、榄鼓可用来炒饭,配粥,做榄角蒸排骨、榄角蒸鱼等。

榄核椎开取其仁,便是榄仁,是制糕饼的高级馅料。广式中秋月饼中的五仁之一。

其核作炭, 榄核炭,乃上等炭。其火猛耐烧,少烬无杂味,为潮州功夫茶必用。榄核雕刻是广东有名的手工艺之一,已入选了中国国家级非物质文化遗产名录。

Jusco Equine 卖的榄鼓

Rawang 一间饭店的橄榄炒饭